Archive for the ‘AstroInfo Article’ Category

Question: As you probably know, several of us from Pacific Science Center, went to a NASA Forum at the Museum of Flight on January 25, 2008. NASA officials talked about a very complicated plan for a manned-Mars mission sometime this century, using a permanent Moon base as a starting point. Have you heard anything more about this possible reality?

The Constellation Program

The program you’re asking about is called “Constellation” and the first goal is to put people back on the Moon by 2020. Indeed, the program is up and running and NASA is making progress as each day passes. The Constellation Program has three basic components. Let me look into the status of each.

The Orion Crew Vehicle:

Status: design and component mock-up

Currently NASA has a mock-up of the Launch Abort System being driven across the country to the White Sands test range. (Trust me, you want the launch abort system to work.). Actually, by the time you read this the LAS has probably already arrive at the facility for testing. NASA hopes to have finished testing and begin building by 2012.

The Ares Launch Vehicle:

Status: components built, in preliminary testing

As you can see from the picture here, the Ares 1 rocket fires just fine. Now the question becomes – is that firing under control? Is it exactly the thrust needed? Do the scientists and engineers have the control over it that they expected to have? NASA hopes to have finished testing and begin building by 2012.

The Altair Lunar Lander:

Status: design, rocket testing.

The Lunar Lander itself is mostly still on the drawing board, but NASA staff are testing out various rockets and modeling various designs.

Alice Enevoldsen

Where’d I Get My Info?

NASA’s Constellation Program

My website is going to go went black for Earth Hour – http://www.earthhour.org/home/

Join me!

Do you need a Solar System? I’ve got one for you.

Bear with me, deep linking to the following website doesn’t work, so follow these quick instructions to acquire your own Solar System:

1. Go to Pacific Science Center’s website: http://www.pacificsciencecenter.org/
2. Click on “Store” in the middle of the right-hand column.
3. Click on “Gifts” in the left column.
4. Click on “Educational” in the middle pane.
5. You’re there! See “Solar System Cards” in that list? I made those. There are 44 awesome objects in our Solar System – plus several blanks and a list of suggested activities.

Funny Story:

So a few years ago, shortly after receiving my teaching certificate, Pluto was “demoted.” (In fact, my very first AstroInfo was about the new definition of planet!) Although people have many, many feelings about this, and there’s an ongoing argument, I’m going to ignore that part of the story for the time being.

What this created was a difficulty for teachers. Do we still teach Pluto? Does “My Very Eager Mother Just Served Us Nine Pizzas” become “My Very Eager Mother Just Served Us Nachos”? Does “Mary’s Violet Eyes Made John Stay Up Nights, Period” become “Mary’s Violet Eyes Made John Stay Up Nights”? What if Pluto is reinstated next year? What if you live in Illinois?

Well, the first question is easy. You most definitely still teach about Pluto. It’s not like the demotion made it evaporate out of our Solar System or disappear into nothingness. In fact, now it is probably more important to teach Pluto, since it’s the best-known representative of several whole classes of objects (Kuiper Belt Objects, Plutinos, Dwarf Planets, and Trans-Neptunian Objects). As we discover more and more of these, kids (and adults) need to know at least where these new discoveries are taking place. Teaching about Pluto helps with that.

But if it’s not a planet, what is it? What do I call it? What if they change the name? How can I teach science, if science is changing all the time? Those first two questions you can look up on the internet. The second two suggest some thought.

How can I teach science, if science is changing all the time?

This is a great question, and it applies to more than just “The Pluto Debate,” but that’s where I started. And it turns out, I wasn’t the only educator working on this problem. Anna Hurst from the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, and John Ericson at the Lawrence Hall of Science were also focusing on giving teachers a new way to teach the Solar System in the wake of The Pluto Kerfuffle. We were not in correspondence. We were not discussing this with each other, we did not meet and work on this problem together. In fact, I don’t think I met either of them until long after this.

Yet we all came up with the same solution: a set of cards or slips of paper, each with information about a different object in our Solar System.  Teaching the Solar System was going to have to evolve from “facts about each of the nine planets” to something that was more closely related to a lot of what planetologists actually do: classify, categorize, and identify. This mean that the new way of teaching the Solar System needed to involve dozens of objects, not just eight or nine, because there are actually dozens, hundreds, thousands of objects in our Solar System!

Besides the inherent flexibility and educational merit of this new activity, it also gives you a positive and fun way to teach about what happened to Pluto. You can allow your students to make their own definitions for planet, and see which objects fit (or don’t fit) their definition.

Anyway, I find it fascinating that the three of us came up with the same activity independently. I’m sure that many other teachers around the world also must have thought of this idea too, and so I claim no copyright or patent on the activity, but if you don’t have time to make your own set of 30-50 cards, you can (finally) just purchase a set from us – and support both my job and my planetarium while you’re at it!

If you’re interested in  John and Anna’s versions:

Lawrence Hall of Science Gread Explorations in Math and Science (since I can’t remember exactly which module has this activity, I’ll send you to the general link. If you know where it is, let me know!)

Astronomical Society of the Pacific’s The Universe in the Classroom, Issue #70 Hubble Observations of Pluto and Ceres. Scroll all the way down to “Activity 1: Sorting the Solar System” and the cards are there.

There is also a printable (draft) version of my cards, but I recommend ordering a nice set from above, since all the attributions for the photographs are correct, and multiple people have proofread them. The drafts will get you through the activity just fine, but the cards are a bit better.

Short for now – more to be added later.

I saw Comet Lulin last night – FROM SEATTLE – through a break in the clouds. I observed for about 30-45 minutes, and did some hand-observations:

Here are some links if you want to learn more or see it yourself:

Video of it moving across the sky:
http://www.astrophotoinsight.com/node/1625

The most detailed picture I’ve seen so far:
http://bf-astro.com/cometLulin.htm

And the prettiest picture I’ve seen so far:
http://www.astropix.com/HTML/SHOW_DIG/094.HTM

A good article from this year with some background on its discovery 2
years ago:
http://www.universetoday.com/2009/01/14/comet-lulin-is-on-the-way/

A more recent article that mentions the new discovery about the
structure of the tail:
http://www.universetoday.com/2009/02/01/comet-c2007-n3-lulin-a-twist-in-the-tail/

Observation reports and charts:
http://www.skyandtelescope.com/observing/highlights/35992534.html

The 2009 March Starmap!

March is more-or-less here, and before I get to the upcoming constellations, I wanted to bring a few awesome stargazing opportunities to your attention!

This year is the International Year of Astronomy – and the 400th Anniversary of Galileo’s observations of Jupiter. Celebrate by doing some stargazing of your own. Here are just a few upcoming easy worldwide stargazing projects you can participate in!

March 16-28, 2009 – GLOBE at Night

Go outside any one of the above dates and take a look at Orion – no telescope or binoculars needed. GLOBE at Night wants to know how many stars you can see with just your eyes. But wait! They make it easy – you don’t have to count the stars – just compare what you see to diagrams, and pick the one that matches and submit your observations online. This data will be compiled into maps which will help astronomers track light pollution and how stargazing quality in various parts of the world.
Go to their webpage, download an observation packet, and take your family out to your backyard for some real science!
You’ll need to know your latitude and longitude:
Seattle is at: 47o37’N, 122o20’W

8:30pm Saturday, March 28, 2009 – Earth Hour

All you have to do for Earth Hour is turn off your lights – especially your outdoor lights for one hour at 8:30pm on March 28th. It’s that easy. And you might as well take that time to head outside and do your Orion observing for the GLOBE at Night project we just talked about! Earth Hour is about energy conservation and doing something about climate change – with the added benefit of supporting Dark Skies Awareness and making stargazing awesome even in big cities.
You can sign up and get more information, or just turn off your lights. Tell a friend; ask your neighborhood businesses to participate. Anything you do helps.

April 2-5, 2009 – 100 Hours of Astronomy

One of the cornerstone goals of the International Year of Astronomy is to get as many people in the world to look up at the sky, and to look through a telescope as possible. To work toward this this there’s going to be a 100-hour-long extravaganza of worldwide observing events. Here at Pacific Science Center we’ll be having our Earth Observation from Space month (all of April) where you can meet scientists and participate in hands-on activities on six designated research days.
Don’t have a telescope to do your own observing? No problem – join the 100 Hours of Astronomy team for a 24-hour webcast from research observatories around the world.
Be warned, when you visit their website – they write dates in the European style, so what we would call 04/01/2009, they’ll write as 01/04/2009! Shows you just how worldwide this project is!

And Now for the Constellations and Observables in the March-April Sky:

Notable Sky Objects

VENUS

I know, I said exactly this last month, but it’s still true! It may not be on my map, because the map is for later in the evening, but Venus is spectacular low in the southwest just after sunset. If you’ve got clear enough skies, poke your head out and learn why Venus has earned the moniker “the evening star.” (In June you’ll be able to poke your head out early in the morning and learn why Venus ALSO earned the moniker “the morning star.”) Venus will ONLY be visible for the month of March – by April it will be too close to the Sun from our point of view.

SATURN

Oh Saturn – with its rings tilted almost edge on to us, you really shouldn’t miss it. It’s beautiful, and with a little telescope you’ll at least be able to see its bright moon Titan, or the sliver of the rings running around the planet.

COMET LULIN

It’s not on my map because it’s moving too fast. Start by looking up some maps on Sky and Telescope, or somewhere like that, then gaze towards Saturn with a pair of binoculars. I know I’ve told you before that comets don’t streak across the sky – but this one is moving fast enough that you can notice the motion in just a short observation time. (It won’t look like it’s moving, but you’ll notice its position in relation to the background stars changes slightly over time). Once again, it won’t streak – if you see that it’s a meteor or an airplane. Moving a little slower? That’s a satellite. A dim smudge that doesn’t seem to move? That’s probably the comet, but don’t get it confused with M13, the Hercules Globular Cluster.

Watch for a full-serving AstroInfo on Comet Lulin coming up later this week!

New Constellations

BOÖTES – The Herdsman

SCIENCE: Arc to Arcturus, Speed on To Spica. This is how you find Boötes using the curve of the handle of the Big Dipper – and then that leads you on to Spica in Virgo!
Tau Boötes (sorta Boötes’ left foot) has an extrasolar planet! One of the so-called hot Jupiters. You can see this star just to the right of Arcturus – it’s the crook (corner) star off the little triangle that you’ll see there.
MYTH: The modern myth is that Boötes invented the plow, and therefore farming, and he’s the only “regular person” up in the sky – everyone else is a God, or partially Godlike, or something. I love this myth, because I can explain that Boötes is why we have cell phones and planetariums. It turns out that several different cultures depict Boötes as a herdsman or a farmer: the Saudi Arabians, the Egyptians (to whom the Herdsman is so important he also represents Osiris), the Greeks, and the Christians. Yowsa.

VIRGO – The Virgin (or “Princess”)

SCIENCE: Arc to Arcturus, Speed on To Spica. This is how you find Boötes using the curve of the handle of the Big Dipper – and then that leads you on to Spica in Virgo!
We are part of the Virgo Cluster of galaxies – and it’s called the Virgo Cluster because to see the rest of the galaxies in our group you look towards Virgo. There’s a bunch of beauties out there by Virgo’s face, so if you’ve got a scope, take a look, and if you don’t, look up some pretty pictures of our group of galaxies – most of them are over there.
MYTH: Worried about talking about virgins in mixed company? Well, princess is a perfectly acceptable way to talk about Virgo, also “girl” is good too. If your audience is up to it, you might mention that this virgin usually represents the Greek goddess of justice – so I wouldn’t try to cross her if I were you.

CORONA BOREALIS – The Northern Crown

SCIENCE: There’s not much too Corona Borealis, but it is a very noticeable grouping of stars, and therefore quite helpful in finding Hercules, especially in our murky Seattle skies.
MYTH: Obviously the Greek myth is about a crown, but the Housatonic Native Americans call this Ursa Major’s cave!

HERCULES – Hercules

SCIENCE: Do not miss M13 – the Hercules Globular Cluster! This is one of the oldest groups of stars in our galaxy – it’s like the old-folks home of stars.

MYTH: “Hercules is one of the oldest constellations, found in the cave drawings of primitive cultures. Not even the Greeks were sure of his origins. We are aware that very early cultures worshipped him, but who and what his starry figure stood for is a mystery.
“About 300 BC the Chaldeans said that this figure was standing victorious on the head of a twisting serpent. They associated these two figures, Hercules and Draco (the serpent) with their sun god, Ishdubar.
“The Chinese called Hercules ‘Titso’ or ‘the emperor’s seat’.” (From Zeta Strickland)

“Tiny” Guys

Going for the Gold? Here’s this month’s itty-bittys.

SERPENS – The Serpent

LYRA – The Lyre (just starting to peek up)

CORVUS – The Crow

CRATER – The Cup

COMA BERENICES – Berenice’s Hair

CANES VENATICI – The Hunting Dogs

LYNX – The Lynx

SEXTANS – The Sextant

HYDRA – The Sea Serpent (Big and dim, so big that it’s close to being biggest Northern Hemisphere constellation)

ANTILA – The Air Pump (Maybe you’ll see it, but it might be too far south)

MONOCEROS – The Unicorn

LACERTA – The Lizard

LEO MINOR – The Small Lion (Between the Big Dipper and Leo)

CAMELOPARDALIS– The Giraffe

Returning Constellations

LEO – The Lion
CANCER – The Crab
CANIS MAJOR – The Big Dog
ORION – The Hunter
TAURUS – The Bull
GEMINI – The Twins
CEPHEUS – King Cepheus
DRACO – The Dragon
URSA MAJOR – The Great Bear
URSA MINOR – The Little Bear
CASSIOPEIA – The Queen

Happy Sky Viewing!

Alice Enevoldsen

Where’d I Get My Info?

My memory, and Zeta Strickland

Don’t miss this week’s Carnival of Space – hosted again by Brian at Next Big Future!

There are mentions of the recent Texas Fireball (did it really actually hit?!), a discussion of the possibility of  liquid water on the legs of the Phoenix Lander, and Astroblog is rereading Galileo’s “bestseller” Starry Messenger and blogging about it as he goes through. So, get a taste for Galileo’s observations in his own words.

365 Days of Astronomy Calendar

I found this great Calendar on 365 Days of Astronomy’s Website – check it out for neat happenings in Astronomy.

Personal Note:

I had a major allergic reaction on Friday night, involving a trip to the Emergency Room. I’m fine. I have lived my entire life with extensive, severe food allergies, and it is just the way my life is. I know what to do, I carry an EpiPen. The only reason I mention this to you, is because there are some people in the world who don’t believe in the severity and danger of food allergies. I want you to know that you know someone with severe food allergies (me) – allergies that sometimes send her to the Emergency Room – so that you can continue (or learn) to be sympathetic to those around you who have these allergies.

This is my chosen non-astronomy cause. Just like Phil Plait fights the antivaxxers, I will confront the food allergy non-believers. You have been warned – this may come up from time to time on this blog, though I’ll try to keep it to a side issue.

For more information on food allergies, visit:

The Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Network

National Institutes of Health – Medline Plus Medical Encyclopedia

Gentle Reader,

We’re featured in the latest Carnival of Space (#90?) over at 21st Century Waves!

Also, I’m slow, so check out CoS #89 (The Moon Society Blog), CoS #88 (The Spacewriter’s Ramblings), and CoS #87 (The Martian Chronicles!).

Please stop by if you want a dose of Space news – there’s plenty out there – and you might find a new blog to add to your RSS reader!

~Alice!

So you took a walk last night and you saw two beautiful bright stars. It was the planet Venus and the bright star Sirius, but look out – don’t miss cute little Saturn coming up in the East!

Venus:

So, look up, high in the West after sunset. You’ll see this object that is SO BRIGHT you won’t be able to believe it’s something celestial, but I promise you, it is.

Venus is a planet, not a star, though without a telescope it looks for all the world like a star. It’s truly beautiful, even here in Seattle, and if you’ve got a telescope or a good pair of binoculars you should be able to see that it has a crescent phase, or at least that it’s not perfectly round.

Venus is even bright enough to see it before dark, if you know where to look. Find Venus in the dark night sky one night, and the next night go out just after sunset, or after the Sun is behind a tall building for you, and look a little higher in the sky than you saw it the previous night.

Sirius:

The brightest star in the whole night sky is sparkling low-ish in the South tonight. Its twinkling looks like its flashing redgreenblueredwhiteredbluegreenredbluewhitebluewhiteblue. You might even think it’s an airplane, but watch for a couple minutes and you’ll see it’s not moving.

Saturn:

It’s dim, and rises late – I saw it last week around 8:45pm, but it was pretty stuck in the mucky light pollution over Seattle (from my point of view). If you wait until just a little later it should be higher. The exciting thing about Saturn is that the rings are edge on right now.

Saturn’s rings are tilted in relation to the plane of the solar system. Imagine the desk in front of you is the plane of the solar system. All the planets (except Pluto) orbit within that plane – they stay in the desk as they go around. Now hold your hand up, flat against the desk. Tilt it up. That’s how Saturn’s rings are tilted, just like the Earth’s axis. And just like the Earth’s axis stays tilted the same direction (pointed at the North star), which means that sometimes the North pole is pointed at the Sun, and sometimes it’s pointed away. So, as Saturn rotates around the Sun, sometimes we see the rings almost surrounding the disk of Saturn, and sometimes we see just the edge.

If you look with a small telescope it’s totally worth it, but you’ll have to concentrate to see the hint of the rings.

Alice Enevoldsen

Let it be known that Kevin R. Grazier is a complete geek. He was the first to solve my Twittered/Facebooked riddle:

68 74 74 70 3a 2f 2f 74 69 6e 79 75 72 6c 2e 63 6f 6d 2f 66 65 62 36 62 64 61 79

He won a recipe of my choosing out of my collected recipes. Because.

(What? You wanted one too? Friend me and be on the lookout for geektastic insanity! Sometimes anyway. Especially while I’m grading. And they won’t be as bad as that one, I just happened to be inspired.)

.

.

.

Well, you probably knew he was a geek. Google him if you don’t know why you should know he’s a geek.

I posted the PowerPoints from the first half of my ASTR 100 class on archive.org.

Try this link, but don’t shoot me if it doesn’t work yet: Astro 100 PowerPoints 1

Here is an incomplete list of the links I’ve used in class – either for images, or for movies. I will go through and make them all more specific, and make sure each is correctly referenced within the PowerPoint, but I wanted to give you something to work with for now.

PPT 1:

The International Year of Astronomy – http://www.astronomy2009.org/

Image of the Sun – http://z.about.com/d/space/1/5/Y/Q/sun_tour.jpg

Image of the Full Moon – http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2007/images/christmaseve/moon.jpg

Solar System Diagrams – http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/sciences/astronomy/Solarsystem/TheSolarsystem/solarsystem/RevolutionandRotation/RevolutionandRotation.htm

Alpha Centauri Image – http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/cosmic/gifs/alpha.jpg

The World at Night – http://www.twanight.org/newTWAN/photos/3001088.jpg

Sagittarius Star Cluster – http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0105/sgr1_hst.jpg

Andromeda Galaxy – http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap061126.html

Hubble Deep Field – http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9702/deep_hst_big.jpg

MESSENGER – Earth Flyby Video – http://www.nasa.gov/centers/marshall/mpeg/126252main_mdis_depart.mpeg

PPT 3:

Galileo’s Telescope – http://www.marcdatabase.com/~lemur/lemur.com/gallery-of-antiquarian-technology/philosophical-instruments/galileo-singer/galileo-telescopes-150-434-830.jpg

Types of Telescopes – http://www.uk-telescopes.co.uk/beginners_guide%20to%20telescopes.htm

Refractor – http://mmejia28.wordpress.com/2008/09/07/project-i/

Reflector – http://www.camcentre.co.uk/shop/index.php?act=viewProd&productId=29

Cassegrain – http://www.urbanzeitgeist.com/tech/orion_atlas_11_eq_schmidtcassegrain_telescope.html

Atmospheric Absorption – http://www.everythingweather.com/atmospheric-radiation/transmissionwindow2.gif

Hubble – http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9703/hubble_sts82.jpg

Chandra – http://chandra.harvard.edu/graphics/resources/illustrations/chandra_trw_300.jpg

James Webb – http://jwst.gsfc.nasa.gov/images_jwst.html

PPT 5

Electromagnetic Spectrum – http://www.antonine-education.co.uk/physics_gcse/Unit_1/Topic_5/em_spectrum.jpg

Energy Levels – http://www.physics.uiowa.edu/adventure/fall_2005/oct_15-05/energy_levels.gif

Energy Levels – http://www.upei.ca/~physics/p261/projects/nuclear2/images/energylevel.gif

Absorption and Emission Spectra – http://www.physics.umd.edu/courses/Phys401/bedaque06/discrete_spectra.jpg

Solar Spectrum – http://fsf.nerc.ac.uk/img/g37_grph.gif

Absorption vs Emission vs Black Body – http://physics.uoregon.edu/~jimbrau/BrauImNew/Chap04/FG04_07.jpg

Spectral Types – http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/image/0105/obafgkm_noao_big.jpg

Red Shift & Blue Shift – http://odin.physastro.mnsu.edu/~eskridge/astr101/kauf5_23.JPG

Fire Engine Doppler Effect – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=imoxDcn2Sgo

The Big Bang Theory talks about the Doppler Effect – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J43lAESftPs

The Laboratory of the Devil: Doppler Effect – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-t63xYSgmKE

Onwards. I’ll finish these up later.

http://www.eso.org/gallery/d/4380-2/phot-28c-07.jpg

http://raviramanathan.blogspot.com/2007/05/life-cycle-of-star.html

http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-6732533372822687572&ei=c_iASe30OZ64qAPS-MSVDg&q=slinky+compression&hl=en

http://people.maths.ox.ac.uk/schmitz/Files/starlife.jpg

http://fora.tv/2008/02/19/Neil_DeGrasse_Tyson_Death_by_Black_Hole